Employee Engagement for Personal Relationship- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theEmployee Engagement for Personal Relationship. Answer: Worker commitment, its segments and measurements: Representative commitment is tied in with making open doors for workers where they are propelled to draw in with association on more extensive stage. It is dynamic and complex procedure that mirrors every close to home relationship and uniqueness of individual with their work. Components that impact commitment of representatives in associations are viewed as normal. Representative commitment can be characterized as the mix of association esteems and its responsibility and their ability to assist their workers (Allen et al. 2013). It isn't just about inspiring workers and giving them work fulfillment, it is something that goes past all these. Representative commitment does nor structure a piece of worker contract as it is something that is offered by business or association. Over the ongoing years, significance of commitment of workers have been perceived by businesses. There has been improvement in empowering agents of commitment of representatives that has driven worker commitment i n associations. Connecting with directors, vital account, respectability and representative voice are the four empowering agents of association that has been exceptionally compelling in drawing in workers (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Specialists have had the option to discover that hierarchical achievement is identified with commitment of workers. There are three elements of representative commitment and it contain enthusiastic commitment, physical commitment and psychological commitment. Passionate commitment is about specialists being genuinely associated with their work. Physical commitment is about readiness of laborers to go to additional miles for the advantage and flourishing of their bosses. Subjective commitment is about specialists concentrating exceptionally hard on their work. Distinguishing the component of representative commitment has prompted showing up of another definition (Singh 2013). In such manner, representative commitment is characterized as a novel and passionate build and a satisfying, positive perspective at working environment. Parts of worker commitment includes contribution in dynamic, opportunity empowers to perform well, opportunity of voicing thoughts that can be tuned in by chiefs, feeling that association is worried about prosperity and wellbeing of representatives. Another segment of representative commitment is explanation in what groups and individual are attempting to accomplish at work. It is viewed as essential in regard of the executives scholarly perspectives. Commitment of workers is contain two gatherings according to Hay bunch that is optional endeavors and responsibility. Optional exertion is workers readiness to go above conventional prerequisites of occupations. Duty is about expectation and compelling connection of workers to stay in work. All the parts of representative commitment is related with job execution of individual workers. Contrast between worker commitment, authoritative duty, work fulfillment and boss inclusion: Authoritative duty is how much workers perceive and distinguish themselves inside association. There are distinctive sort of responsibilities in association that is continuation duty and full of feeling duty. Full of feeling duty is about enthusiastic connection of workers to association. Duration duty is about connection of representatives toward association since they should bear the expense of they leave. Duty is about dependability of representatives towards the association though commitment of worker with association is tied in with taking optional endeavors and going past occupation formal necessity and in this manner adding to in general achievement of association. Occupation fulfillment is about the fulfillment of workers while they are in their activity and representatives can be happy with their activity while not landing connected with position or with association. Worker commitment is a more extensive idea contrasted with work fulfillment and previous arrangements with association all in all and later arrangements with singular representatives. Drawing in representatives plans to increment and improve profitability of workers, on other hand, work fulfillment doesn't prompts upgraded efficiency. Variables driving commitment of representatives in association is not quite the same as elements that drives fulfillment of employment at work (Whetzel and Wheaton 2016). Workers that are truly connected with association will in general have higher efficiency, propelled representatives, advancement, quality and serious extent of consumer loyalty. Fulfillment of occupations can be viewed as one the piece of connected representatives. Business contrib ution is tied in with requesting of including laborers in their dynamic procedure of the board, changing activities and driving representatives for making constant improvement. Business are engaged with association when the need shows up if there should arise an occurrence of demotivated laborers (Biniari et al. 2017). This is done fundamentally to influence working condition and urge representatives to take an interest in a few choices. Requirement for arrangement between commitment practices and some corporate parts: One of progressively huge component of human asset rehearses in association is representative commitment. Arrangement of corporate segments, for example, dynamic, inspiration of representatives and fulfillment of clients and practice of commitment will help in accomplishing maintainable superior on association. Representative commitment is indispensable capacity of association and its arrangement with goal and points of association would give different business benefits and affects efficiency. Significance of adjusting human asset practice and business is prevailing given human asset system is impacted by business technique. Arrangement of corporate segment and commitment rehearses causes in urging associations to embrace commitment draws near. Need of arrangement emerges as it helps in making association among execution and system (Xanthopoulou et al. 2013). Representatives can make good instinct about work rehearses. An association encountering greater expense of turnover has the n eed of adjusting their representatives as it help in keeping up solid financing execution of association Worker commitment head drivers: An association can have numerous driver of worker commitment and in such manner, correspondence, initiative and work life adjusts are viewed as fundamental drivers. One of the most grounded driver of worker commitment in association is a sense being included and feeling esteemed. It is required by associations to make usage of every driver via cautious thought work life adjusts and potential burnout of representatives. There are diverse blend of variables impacting distinctive gathering of representatives and it is consider for associations to assess the elements that are fundamental for association. Associations will have drawn in workforce and utilizing this drivers will help in persuading them to accomplish better execution of association. Representatives are the key parts of any association and furnishing them with better work life equalization will assist them with engaging with association on more extensive stage (Nel et al. 2014). Some of key drivers of representative commitme nt are recorded underneath: Representatives will be spurred to connect on higher stage with workers on the off chance that they have sentiment of being very much educated about what is happening and occurring in association. Representatives that are furnished with circumstances so they are fit for taking care of their perspectives upward way causes them in performing past the proper prerequisites of occupation. Representatives having the recognition that their administrator and the board is focused on association will drive them to draw in with association to accomplish wanted destinations. Another driver to commitment can be considered is the adaptability in work plan (Snell et al. 2015). Development and government assistance of workers, relational connections and representative strengthening are some of explicit key drivers of drawing in representatives to a specific association. Accomplishment of these driver puts on significance and importance of inside correspondence. The potential outcomes of representatives drawing in with their particular associations is more when they are furnished with sheltered and favorable workplace (Beardwell and Thompson 2014). Also, an association having solid and rousing pioneers will have their representatives spurred and urged to get connected with association. Advantages of connected workforce: Supervisors, representatives, client and association overall are furnished with a few advantages of a drew in workforce. Advantages of representative commitment to workers Commitment of representatives are related with adaptable working examples and connected with representatives consider their to be as increasingly significant and satisfying. Commitment thought includes the pluralism idea and down to earth reasoning of the executives (Saks 2017). The significant focal point of worker commitment is business relationship that is at the core of superior supportability. It recognizes the need of making certified commitment on part of both boss and workers. Advantages of worker commitment to clients Connected with workers helps in making drew in and fulfilled clients and it is commonly seen that clients who are fulfilled are faithful to the association. Drawn in clients is associated with association genuinely and they are equipped for getting a charge out of a steady encounters among procedures, items and workers (Camargo et al. 2015). Association between client commitment and representatives commitment is improved if the workers are appended really with the association. Connected with clients are more than fulfilled clients. There is a stamped interface between fulfillment of clients and commitment of representatives. Clients having positive encounters because of help gave by worker commitment are bound to prescribe their business to other people. Advantages of e

International Journal Logistics Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The International Journal Logistics Management? Answer: Presentation This report presents the portrayal of the meat item which is given by JBS Company in Australia. It likewise characterizes the gracefully chain of Beef Brand of the organization. Further, it assesses the gracefully chain by utilizing SWOT examination. In the last, it prescribed the methodology to improve the gracefully chain of the organization. JBS Australia is driving hamburger and sheep processor in the country. It is a biggest multi-animal varieties maker, exporter, and advertising in Australia. It conveys a wide scope of brand to various retail, discount, and foodservice industry. These hamburger items are Riverina Angus, King Island Beef, Thousand Guineas, Acres Organic, Beef City Black, Aberdeen Black, Great Southern, Royal, and Grassfed Beef. It has day by day handling capacity of roughly 8,000 cows and 21,000 little stocks (JBS, 2017). Depiction of the gracefully chain mapping the current flexibly chain Outline 1: Supply chain of Beef creation (Sources: PWC, 2011). Dairy animals Calf Operators Hamburger gracefully of JBS Australia is begun with the dairy animals calf administrators. These administrators are chiefly ranchers who keep various types of cows to deliver calves to exchange. Also, the development time of mother dairy animals is under 9 months. To expand the heaviness of 400-500 lbs, an infant calf takes around a year. Prior to offering it to feeders, organization hangs tight for expanding the heaviness of infant calf since, they can get a high measure of cash by selling the calves in feeder dairy cattle industry in Australia (Garca-Flores, et. al., 2014). Feed Lots/Backgrounders JBS Company buys the 400-500 lb weight of calves. From that point forward, these calves gather weight around 1,200 1,400 lbs by taking care of. Along these lines, feedlot administrator utilizes grain to take care of. Besides, backgrounders save the creatures on grass for taking care of. These feeders acquire high sum by selling the creatures, for example, took care of steers by pressing plant for reap. Furthermore, the future rate for both feeder dairy cattle and took care of steers is sold as a ware in the Australian stock trade (Higgins, et. al., 2015). Pressing Plants JBS Company purchases took care of cows at reap weight like 18 two year to gather them for creation of hamburger. The biggest pressing plants in the country are worked by JBS, national hamburger, Tyson, and Cargill. These organizations bargain in the distinctive country for selling the hamburger items. Subsequent to selling the meat, it has reaped by further processor and wholesalers since they transport their completed products in the market to the end clients like retail locations and foodservice administrators (Jie, and Parton, 2016). Partners of JBS Australia Specialist organizations The specialist organization is one of the key partners of the JBS Company since it encourages the specialized help and guidance. They additionally help with purchasing the stocks and offer promoting guidance and furthermore offer the help to construct the key bearing for agribusinesses (Juan Ding, et. al., 2014). Steers Producer Steers maker is another key partner since it gives the cows to sell it into the market. These partners can be families and another provider who battle to build size and size of creation. Feedlots The event of feedlots in Australia is compelling for JBS Company since it gives future development by expanding interest for grain took care of hamburger. Subsequently, it is distinguished that JBS Company is for the most part centered around the Feedlots instead of the dairy cattle makers (Maia de Souza, et. al., 2017). Processors The processor is last fundamental partners of JBS Company who settles on justify choice with respect to the market. In addition, hamburger handling has to a great extent happened in Queensland that forms around 45% of Australias red meat since Queensland is closest to steers gracefully (Uddin, et. al., 2017). Proposals From the above investigation, it very well may be suggested that JBS Company should make a change underway driven flexibly chain and market-driven gracefully chain to get achievement. It ought to likewise assemble a closer connection among upstream and downstream accomplice to achieve more noteworthy responsibility and correspondence. Besides, it should assemble a straightforward and reliant relationship just as coordinate the business exercises and improves the progression of correspondence and information to make successful flexibly chain. It should likewise make powerful consistence with the corpse particulars in their gracefully chain subsequently organization can get achievement in Australian meat industry (Jie, and Parton, 2016). Likewise, JBS Company ought to embrace the lean flexibly chain in which it should make a high level of arrangement with gracefully chain members. It can likewise be recommended that makers can improve the arrangement force and gainfulness by utilizing an even structure with reproducers, feedlots, and backgrounders. JBS Company ought to likewise manufacture the vital relationship with processors since it will assist with making viable flexibly consistency. It ought to likewise settle on a concurrence with the corpse particulars. These understandings should make among local and fare markets for successful flexibly chain (Maia de Souza, et. al., 2017). Alongside this, JBS Company can convey the additional incentive to their meat by separating their items from the store and can likewise deliver hamburger for specialty markets. Further, the coordination methodologies can be worked by utilizing various types of the gracefully chain in Australian meat industry. Along these lines, it tends to be recommended that standard gracefully chain can lead by the market retailers. It can likewise guide the advertiser flexibly chain to gracefully straightforwardly to the shoppers and specialty markets. It can middle of the road the gracefully affix for neighborhood items to arrive at the customers by at least one delegates like free butchers, store retailers, and food cooperatives (Uddin, et. al., 2017). End It tends to be inferred that there JBS Australia conveys distinctive hamburger items in everywhere throughout the Australia. Further, it tends to be assessed that it utilizes powerful gracefully chain for delivering the hamburger items. It very well may be summed up that it has various partners, for example, steers makers, feedlots, and makers, specialist co-ops. It very well may be additionally inferred that organization limit their dangers and shortcoming by utilizing their quality and opportunity in the Australian meat industry. Besides, there are various techniques to improve the gracefully chain of the organization References Garca-Flores, R., Higgins, A., Prestwidge, D., and McFallan, S. (2014) Optimal area of spelling yards for the northern Australian hamburger gracefully chain management.Computers and hardware in agriculture,102, pp. 134-145. Higgins, A., McFallan, S., Laredo, L., Prestwidge, D., and Stone, P. (2015) TRANSITA model for reproducing framework and approach intercessions in horticulture coordinations: Application toward the northern Australia meat industry.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,114, pp. 32-42. JBS (2017) Our Products. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.jbssa.com.au/OurProducts/default.aspx (Accessed: 19 September 2017). Jie, F., and Parton, K. (2016) Supply chain execution adaptability in the Australian hamburger industry.International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications,19(4), pp. 300-317. Juan Ding, M., Jie, F., A. Parton, K., and J. Matanda, M. (2014) Relationships between nature of data sharing and gracefully chain food quality in the Australian hamburger preparing industry.The International Journal of Logistics Management,25(1), pp. 85-108. Maia de Souza, D., Petre, R., Jackson, F., Hadarits, M., Pogue, S., Carlyle, C. N., and McAllister, T. (2017) A Review of Sustainability Enhancements in the Beef Value Chain: State-of-the-Art and Recommendations for Future Improvements.Animals,7(3), p. 26. PWC (2011) The Australian Beef Industry. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.pwc.com.au/industry/agribusiness/resources/australian-meat industry-nov11.pdf (Accessed: 19 September 2017). Uddin, M. N., Quaddus, M., and Islam, N. (2017) Inter-authoritative Supply Chain Performance: How the Relationship Factors Influence the Australian Beef Industry?. InThe Customer isn't Always Right? Promoting Orientations in a Dynamic Business World(pp. 458-464). Germany: Springer, Cham.

21 Ways to Play with Words

21 Ways to Play with Words Have you heard how time flies like an arrow and fruit flies like a banana? Or what about American Comedian George Carlins advice to Dont sweat the petty things and dont pet the sweaty things?Both are examples of what is known as recreational linguistics or logologyâ€"essentially, its playing with words for fun, and there are few things more enjoyable for writers. In Tom Stoppards absurdist and metatheatrical tragicomedy Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Rosencrantz asks, What are you playing at? To which, his companion replies, Words, words. Theyre all we have to go on.To that end, here are 21 ways to play with words when your writing calls for a bit of wit.Playing is fun, and there are few things more enjoyable for writers than playing with words. Photo by Robert Collins on Unsplash.AmbigramsAn ambigram is a word or artistic representation that can be viewed or interpreted from a different direction, perspective, or orientation. This website shows over 40 ambigrams, including r otational ambigrams, mirror-image ambigrams, and chain style ambigrams.AnagramsTo create an anagram, youll need to rearrange the letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word or phrase. For example, the letters in debit card can be rearranged to read bad credit. Iconic American singer Jim Morrison is an anagram for Mr. Mojo Risin. Anagrams were important elements in Dan Browns bestselling novel The DaVinci Code, when the main character discovers that O, Draconian devil! is an anagram for Leonardo Da Vinci, Oh, lame saint! is an anagram for The Mona Lisa, and So dark the con of Man is an anagram for Madonna of the Rocks.AptronymsWhen someone bears an aptronym, it means they have a name that is considered to be amusingly appropriate to their occupation. Some examples include William Headline, who was a bureau chief for CNN, and Amy Freeze, a meteorologist. There was also Stuart Fell, who was a BBC stunt coordinator and Thomas Crapper, who manufactured Victorian toilets.BackronymsB ackronyms are phrases that are constructed to spell out a certain word or acronym to create a reverse acronym. With an acronym, the phrase comes first. With a backronym, the word comes first. For example, when 9-year-old Amber Hagerman was abducted and murdered in Texas in 1996, the call that went out was referred to as an Amber alert. Later, the program became known as Americas Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response, making Amber a backronym.Blends/portmanteauA blend or portmanteau is created by merging the sounds and meanings of two or more words. Some common examples are brunch (a blend of breakfast and lunch), chocaholic (a blend of chocolate and alcoholic), and glamping (glamour and camping).ContronymsA contronym is a word that evokes contradictory or reverse meanings depending on the context. Specifically, a contronym is a word with a homonym (another word with the same spelling but different meaning) that is also an antonym (a word with the opposite meaning). For example, the word screen can have two different definitions that are opposite the other, depending on context. The first definition is to protect or conceal, as in sunscreen or wearing a hat to screen ones face from the sun. The second definition is to show or broadcast a movie or TV episode. In this definition, we might go to a theater downtown that will screen a new movie. The first definition insinuates hiding while the second insinuates showing, and they are therefore opposite.Double entendreA double entendre is the purposeful use of a word that involves a second meaning, which is usually indelicate, bawdy, or racy. For example, in the film Silence of the Lambs, the cannibalistic Hannibal Lecter said, I do wish we could chat longer, but… Im having an old friend for dinner. Bye. In this case, there are two meanings to having a friend over for dinnerâ€"one in which youre simply inviting a friend to join you for dinner, and the other being that your friend is your dinner (which is the meaning Dr. Lecter intended).EggcornAn eggcorn is a word or phrase that is mistakenly used for another word or phrase because it sounds similar and seems logical or plausible. Examples include old-timers disease instead of Alzheimers disease or lip singing instead of lip syncing.EponymsAn eponym is a person, place, or thing after whom or after which something is named, or believed to be named. The adjectives derived from eponym are eponymous and eponymic. For example, the Greek hero Achilles is the eponym for an Achilles heel. Ones signature is often referred to as a John Hancock, named after John Hancock, was one of the signers of the Declarations of Independence who had a unique signature.InaptronymsIf your name is in ironic opposition to what or who you are, then it is an inaptronym. For example, the only member who didnt have a beard in the American rock group ZZ Top was Frank Beard. Another example would be the infamous white supremacist named Don Black or Samuel Foote, an actor who l ost his leg in a horseback-riding accident.IsogramsAn isogram is a logological term for a word or phrase without a repeating letter. It can also mean a word phrase in which each letter appears the same number of times. Some examples of isograms include customizable, lexicography, unforgivable, and imprudently.LipogramsA lipogram is writing a word or phrase that purposefully excludes a letter of the alphabet. For example, The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog uses every letter of the alphabet except s. A longer example is Fate of Nassan, an anonymous poem written pre-1870, in which each stanza is a lipogrammatic pangram using every letter of the alphabet except e.Bold Nassan quits his caravan,A hazy mountain grot to scan;Climbs jaggy rocks to find his way,Doth tax his sight, but far doth stray.Not work of man, nor sport of childFinds Nassan on this mazy wild;Lax grow his joints, limbs toil in vainâ€"Poor wight! why didst thou quit that plain?Vainly for succour Nassan calls;Kno w, Zillah, that thy Nassan falls;But prowling wolf and fox may joyTo quarry on thy Arab boy.Fate of NassanMalaprop/MalapropismsA malaprop is the use of an incorrect word in place of a word with a similar sound, resulting in a nonsensical, sometimes humorous utterance. An example is when Former Texas Governor Rick Perry described states as lavatories of innovation and democracy instead of laboratories of innovation and democracy. Another example is saying for all intensive purposes instead of for all intents and purposes.MondegreenA mondegreen is a misunderstood or misinterpreted word or phrase resulting from a mishearing of the lyrics of a song. A common example is when Jimi Hendrix sang, Scuse me while I kiss the sky, it was misheard by many as Scuse me while I kiss this guy. Another classic example is The Ramones, singing I wanna be sedated, which came across sounding like I wanna piece of bacon.OxymoronAn oxymoron is a figure of speech containing words that seem to contradict eac h other. Its often referred to as a contradiction in terms. Some examples are:Act naturallyAlone togetherAmazingly awfulBittersweetClearly confusedDark lightDeafening silenceDefinitely maybeFarewell receptionGrowing smallerJumbo shrimpOnly choiceOpen secretOriginal copyPainfully beautifulPassive aggressiveRandom orderSmall crowdSweet sorrowTrue mythWalking deadWeirdly normalPalindromesA palindrome is a word, number, phrase, or other sequence of characters that reads the same backward as forward. Some examples include: dammit Im mad and do geese see god. Another example from literature is taken from Leigh Mercer, and reads: A Man, A Plan, A Canal â€" Panama!PangramsPangrams are words or sentences that contain every letter of the alphabet at least once. The most common example is A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.ParaprosdokianA paraprosdokian is a figure of speech in which the end of the sentence or phrase is not whats expected, causing the listener to reframe or reinterpret the first part. Mostly, youll find that it is done for humorous effect, which is why comedians use it a lot.If I agreed with you, wed both be wrong.â€"Attributed to Sir Winston Churchill.Behind every great man theres a woman, rolling her eyes.â€"Jim Carreys character in the movie Bruce AlmightyWar does not determine who is right ... only who is left.â€"Often (and probably mistakenly) attributed to Bertrand Russell, the 20th century British philosopher and mathematician.PunA pun is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.Some example puns are:Santa Claus helpers are known as subordinate Clauses.She had a photographic memory but never developed it.The two pianists had a good marriage. They always were in a chord.I was struggling to figure out how lightning works, but then it struck me.The grammarian was very logical. He had a lot of comma sense.What do you call a person rabid with wordpl ay? An energizer punny.Ive been to the dentist many times so I know the drill.SemordnilapsA semordnilaps is a word that makes sense when spelled backwards but takes on a different meaning. An example is Oprah Winfreys Harpo Studios. Other examples are desserts and stressed or live and evil.SpoonerismsA spoonerism is a play on words in which letters or syllables get swapped. An example is the famous George Carlin quote, Dont sweat the petty things and dont pet the sweaty things, or the NOFX album Punk In Drublic, which is a spoonerism of the legal offense of being drunk in public.

Discipline of Teams Essay - 943 Words

1 â€Å"Discipline of Teams† Paper The purpose of this paper is to write a summery of the main topics presented in an article written by Katzenbach and Smith called â€Å"The Discipline of Teams†. This article was written to show how people, no matter what differences or backgrounds, can come together to function as a team, not just as a group of individuals. In order for individuals to work effectively together, they must be committed to the teams success and they must be able to trust each person within the team to be responsible for his or her assigned tasks (Katzenbach Smith, 2005, p. 168). According to Katzenbach and Smith (2005), â€Å"Not all groups are teams† (p. 164). They go on to state how Working Groups and Teams differ. Working†¦show more content†¦Therefore, that assistant coach just became a leader in helping the team reach its one and only goal, which is for the team to succeed. This also applies for the quarterback on the field. His job is to handle the football and with the use of the other players, move the football down the field to score points for the team. At this point, he has taken a leadership role in guiding his team to succeed and meet the teams goal of winning the game. All players and coaches must be accountable for the work they do and overall results of the teams score. Every person on the team knows their individual role but must be prepared to take action when its required of them to make sure that goal is met. Football teams have meetings to resolve problems within the team where they would like to see improvement. These me etings arent discourage or to enrage the members, but to improve the overall goal of the team, which is to succeed and win. When people work together as an effective team, individuals must be committed to the team goals and must be able to trust the other members of the team to do their job (Katzenbach Smith, 2005, p. 168). Members of a team must be able to dedicate the time needed to oversee that their individual job and overall team goals are met while being able to put trust into the other individuals that they will get their work done and aid in helping with any problems that may arise to ensure that the team goals areShow MoreRelatedDiscipline of Teams6502 Words   |  27 Pagesto find an article on teams by Jon Katzenbach and Douglas Smith figuring into an issue devoted to high performance. While Peter Drucker may have been the first to point out that a team-based organization can be highly effective, Katzenbach and Smiths work made it possible for companies to implement the idea. In this groundbreaking 1993 article, the authors say that if managers want tomakebetterdecisionsaboutteamsjthey must be clear about what a team is. They define a team asa small number of peopleRead MoreManagement Teams Struggle With Choosing Discipline Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pagesto work and do a great job, performance issues inevitably arise for a variety of reasons. Management teams struggle with choosing discipline processes that not only address an employee’s specific performance issue, but also allow that employee to refocus on meeting the mission of the organization. With the inception of labor unions, fairness and uniformity became a major focal point in discipline practices. In addition, organizations interested in retaining employees incorporated more humanisticRead MoreSuccessful Team Building Crosses All Lines Of Industry And Discipline Essay2432 Words   |  10 Pagestasks for managers and leaders is creating a team that can operate smoothly and efficiently without the need for constant supervision and direction. This is considered the gold standard of management and managers who can consistently achieve this goal will always be in high demand. The need for successful team building crosses all lines of industry and discipline (Francis, Young, 1979) . Whether it is a team of scientists doing lab research, a virtual team creating a database, a sales force out inRead MorePersonal Statement : The Discipline Of Teams By Jon R. Anderson And Douglas K. Smith s The1029 Words   |  5 Pagesmaterial from the assigned readings and lecture notes. While at first this task seemed daunting, I believe my teammates and I rose to the occasion by correctly implementing material and working cooperatively as a team as outlined in Jon R. Katzenbach and Douglas K. Smith’s â€Å"The Discipline of Teams.† One strength of our lesson plan was the amount of material we provided. We wanted to have back up plans, so no time was wasted during the recitation. Our TA, Claire, even noted that we had plenty of materialRead MoreThe Importance of Team sports in Child Development751 Words   |  3 Pagesthese skills then putting them through team sports. The saying has always been that there is no I in team, and that is so an individual does not possess the need to care about oneself and puts his team ahead of himself. Team stands for, Together Everyone Achieves More. With this being said, participating as a team, this encourages an individual to work with others together to achieve one goal as a unit instead of working harder individually. Working as a team also allows for each other to benefitRead MoreEngaging Others With Leadership. The Healthcare System1551 Words   |  7 Pageswho may be might become unnoticed (Scully, 2015). Quiet leaders might not vocalize his or her opinion. Utilizing s econd life team-based scenario, this paper will discuss the importance of leadership engaging others, integrates the role of leadership challenges, evaluate the teams’ ability to accomplish a task and analyze the role of the supervisor in order to develop a team. Importance of Leadership and Engaging Others In the nursing profession, is it important for leaders to engage with othersRead MoreLeveraging Effective Performance of Work Teams1828 Words   |  7 Pagesworking in a team. The study is supported by a real life scenario that helps in the explanation of the functioning of a work group. There are two disciplines that hold the key for the performance of a small group. The first one is the team discipline and the other is the single leader discipline. The team discipline involves a great deal of versatility and is also quite demanding as it requires full commitment from every member of the team. There are many instances when the team discipline is not presentRead MoreA Survey Study Of Students Who Have Been Involved With The Robocup Junior915 Words   |  4 Pageshighlight the growing success in a snapshot of the past four years and indicators for the current year of RoboCup Junior in the Hunter Region, as seen in Table 1. Over the past four years, there has been a general increase in the number of students, teams, and schools (with the exception of 2015), with a total of 698 (139 Females participants (2012=43, 2013=18, 2014=46, 2015=32)) student participants, with students as young as 10 years of age in their 4th school year participating in the Hunter RegionRead MoreMilitary Discipline965 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition of Military Discipline Military Discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. It involves the ready subordination of the will of the individual for the good of the group. Military discipline is an extension and specialized application of the discipline demands habitual but reasoned obedience that preserves initiative and functions unfalteringly even in the absence of the commander. Discipline is created within a command by instilling a sense of confidence andRead MoreEngineering Disciples933 Words   |  4 PagesEngineering Disciplines Oral Presentation Overview: The purpose of this project is to provide a better understanding of the different engineering disciplines offered at the University. Students will be divided into teams. Each team will prepare a presentation on a discipline to be presented to the class. This presentation serves as a means for students to learn, in-depth, about a major outside of their areas of interest. The assumption is that students haven’t had much information presented to

Gun Control in America - 2011 Words

Gun control is one of the biggest issues in America. Alfred Blumstein states, â€Å"As Americans, violence is a priority in everybody’s concerns in this country.† America is fighting a constant battle against crime and violence in this country. Murder is one of the biggest incidents happening on a daily basis in this country. 70% of homicides are reported to have some sort of firearm used in the crime. The depressing truth is that gun violence is increasing in young teens. Since 1985 people younger than the age of 18 committing murders has doubled and a big factor in this gun outbreak is due to gang violence, which is main reason in the rate of gun homicides. Law enforcement has been trying to contain these gangs and to keep firearms off of the streets and out of the hands of the wrong people. There are studies being tested and researched if gun control will reduce the number in homicides in the United States. People should care about a controversial topic such as this because in some cases it is a matter of life and death. What if you are being attacked and have no way of defending yourself? A gun can be a matter of protection from being the victim of a crime. Guns are one of the biggest threats in this country; however, they are also one of the biggest crime deterrents as well. I believe enforcing a strict gun control will worsen the effects of homicide in the United States for several reasons. First it would leave people to be defenseless against crimes. Secondly, criminalsShow MoreRelatedGun Control in America785 Words   |  3 Pages There has always been and always will be a problem with crime in America. Gun control has become a hot topic when talking about crime prevention. Gun control is any law, policy, or practice created to regulate the possession, production, sale, and use of firearms by private citizens. The majority of the American citizens believe that we should be able to own firearms for protection, leisure and sporting purposes. These people believe that denial of ownership of firearms infringes our SecondRead MoreGun Control in America1480 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America On March 24, 1998, firing from the woods overlooking their school, 13-year-old Andrew Golden and 11-year-old Mitchell Johnson shot and killed four middle school students and a teacher and injured ten other students in Jonesboro, Arkansas. The two boys had a semiautomatic M-1 carbine with a large ammunition magazine, two other rifles, seven handguns and more than 500 rounds of ammunition which they took from the home of one of the boy?s grandfather, who had a large arsenalRead MoreGun Control in America758 Words   |  4 PagesNathan 3/30/08 Gun Control in America Ever since the days of the pioneers, firearms have been an element of the American tradition as defense and a means of hunting or activity. As we progress through the 21st century the use of guns has changed significantly. The reason that the use of the gun is changing is fast and steady increase in crime and the battle for the right to have possession of a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to decrease the felony in theRead MoreGun Control in America1313 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control in America Peter Z Bliss ENG/215 February 2, 2012 Kim Holloway Gun Control in America Gun control is a debate topic that comes up every election and when a major event happens that involving guns. Pro-gun lobbyists say â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† [ (Hagan, 2007) ] the anti-gun advocates want to take away the right to bear arms. This topic has no right or wrong answer it is a preference of the individual. This is why gun control is such a fiercely debated topicRead MoreThe Issue of Guns and Gun Control in America1146 Words   |  5 PagesIn America guns have been a part of the country’s society since it’s birth. Throughout history the citizens of the US have used firearms to protect the nation, protect their families, to hunt for food and to engage in sporting activities. The issue of Guns and gun control takes on a proportion of extreme magnitude. Weighing the rights and liberties of the individual against the welfare and safety of the public has always been a precarious balancing act. In the United States, gun cont rol is one ofRead MoreThe Gun Control Debate in America1159 Words   |  5 PagesGUN CONTROL DEBATE IN AMERICA Gun control has become a very hot topic of contention in America today. What seems to echo here are two words: â€Å"guns† and â€Å"crime†, in a sense that are these words mutually exclusive to each other? Does the use of guns ultimately lead to crime? On the flip side, have the laws in America restricting firearm use been effective enough to protect the lives of the citizens? These are some of the questions that strike the hearts of many when the gun control debate music isRead MoreGun Control Laws On America1369 Words   |  6 Pages Many activist think that they could control the gun violence in America, just by taking away weapons from the people and making new laws. What they don’t know is that there are many loopholes in the laws that they make so peoples find ways to get guns. We already have gun control laws from back then. the government just passed more laws instead of enforcing the laws that we already. †The activists pass more and more laws thinking that the more laws we have the better they would be enforced.† (Drake)Read MoreGun Control in America Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages Gun control laws in America have been a long standing issue that is still a problem today. In America it is excessively easier to obtain a gun license than to obtain a driver’s license. Americans who want to obtain a license to drive in the United States must pass a written and a driving test with a government official driving instructor. Some states require a drug and alcohol course before issuing a license to drive. The same concept should apply for obtaining a gun license. Due to guns licensesRead MoreGun Control in America Essay828 Words   |  4 Pages Guns Control Living a life in America, we all get to have all the rights that included in the Constitution. One of those was the Second Amendment which is the rights to bear arm, the purpose was to protect ourselves from danger but nowadays a lot of people have take advantage of it and use it in the wrong way. I believe our government need to have a strict limit on guns possession. Gun control had been a phenomenal issue in our country. In December 15, 1791 the second amendment establishedRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On America Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Gun Control on America Guns have been prevalent in the United State’s culture for hundreds of years. Firearms have been, and still are being used for hunting, protection and even sport. In fact, if it was not for the help of firearms, we would not be graced with the many freedoms we have today. Currently, owning and obtaining a firearm is a controversial topic that sparks heavy emotions. Many people argue for eliminating all guns, and applying heavier regulations to prevent tragic

Ethics and Strategic Plan Free Essays

Week 2 Individual assignment Abstract Reviews the role of ethics and social responsibilities in developing a strategic plan while considering stakeholder needs and agendas. Reviews the four key responsibilities and priorities as stated by Carroll; economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities. Discusses the importance of integrating ethical and social responsibilities in a strategic plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Strategic Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Uses Enron an example of a company overstepping ethical boundaries and discusses measures that could be taken to avoid future unethical behavior by a company. Ethics According to Lantos (2001) â€Å"It is no news that today’s business organizations are expected to exhibit ethical behavior and moral management. However, over the past half century the bar has been steadily raised. Now, not only are firms expected to be virtuous, they are being called to practice â€Å"social responsibility† or â€Å"corporate citizenship†(Carroll 2000, p. 187), accepting some accountability for societal welfare† (p. 1). Ethical and social responsibilities are a necessity in developing a strategic plan. There are four key responsibilities an organization needs to establish when developing a strategic plan. These four responsibilities integrated together will meet most needs and agendas of the stakeholders. Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Developing a Strategic Plan â€Å"Should strategic decision makers be responsible only to the shareholders, or do they have broader responsibilities? † (Wheelen Hunger, 2010, p. 72). The strategic decision makers are the individuals creating the strategic plan, incorporating both ethical and social responsibilities into the company’s plan can be a burden and compromises need to be taken into consideration to meet both ethical and social responsibilities while meeting stakeholders needs and agendas. Stakeholders are referred to as individuals who are â€Å"affected or are affected by the achievement of the firm’s objectives† Wheelen, T. , ; Hunger, J. (2010). Archie B. Carroll, a business management author and professor states, â€Å"proposes that the managers of business organizations have four responsibilities listed in order of priority: Economic responsibility to produce goods or services of value to society so the firm can repay its creditors and shareholders. Legal responsibility as defined by government laws, the management is expected to obey. Ethical responsibility to follow generally held beliefs about behavior in a society. Discretionary responsibility are voluntary obligations a corporation assumes† (Wheelen ; Hunger, 2010, p. 73). With these four responsibilities, a company when establishing their strategic plan, they must incorporate these fundamental responsibilities in a means that would satisfy the stakeholders needs and agendas. The company must consider all risks, company performance, strategies to meet performance, and social responsibility policies while creating measurable indicators to demonstrate the progress of the company when developing the strategic plan. Once the strategic plan has been developed, communication of the plan to the stakeholders is an important part of the process. By communicating the strategic plan to the stakeholders, all affected individuals or groups will become aware of the path the company is headed. Example of Overstepping Ethical Boundaries As referenced earlier, a company has responsibilities to meet when establishing a strategic plan. Ethical responsibility is listed as the second priority a company needs to meet according to Carroll. When overstepping ethical boundaries, a company exposes stakeholders to risks that do not meet their needs. An example of an organization that has displayed this behavior and acting in the company’s interest was Enron. Enron overstepped the ethical boundaries which in the end cost the stakeholders, which mainly was the employees, billions of dollars for their own personal gain. Enron through various unethical decisions, mislead employees and investors by manipulating the accounting entries to make the company to be more profitable than the true represented dollars were. At the time of the Enron incident, there were inadequate government legal or regulatory process in place, if such processes were in place, the Enron incident could have been prevented. Preventative measure that have been established by the government have assisted in reducing the risk to the stakeholders in an organization. A financial auditing company approved by the government is now required to audit financial reports of a company. Pension plans are no longer administered by the company, a third party firm is required to administer a company’s pension plan to prevent overstepping ethical boundaries. Conclusion With past scandals in the business world, companies have been establishing roles of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan while considering stakeholder needs and agendas. Carroll has identified four key responsibilities a company needs to address when developing a strategic plan. Economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities, listed in order of priority, are represented to show how an organization can integrate social and ethical responsibilities in a strategic plan. The example provided of Enron has illustrated how a company has overstepped the ethical boundaries and causing risks to the stakeholders. Since the Enron incident, the government established processes to prevent unethical behavior as what happened with Enron to protect the stakeholders of the company. References Carroll, A. B. (2000), â€Å"The four faces of corporate citizenship,† in Business Ethics 00/01, Richardson, J. E. (Ed). , Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, Guilford, CT, pp. 187-191. Lantos, G. (2001, June). The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Wheelen, T. , ; Hunger, J. (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy achieving sustainability (12th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. How to cite Ethics and Strategic Plan, Essay examples

Pride and Prejudice Character Chart free essay sample

Elizabeth B. -2nd oldest daughter of the Bennet family -Prejudice towards action and behavior -Uses her heart instead of her head in certain occasions for ex; -when Collins to her, she did not accept because she had no feeling towards him of any kind, she would rather marry for love. Hates Darcy at first -Then falls in love with Darcy Catherine B. (Kitty) -Two years older than Lydia -Want to be like Lydia Mr. Wickham was the steward to the old Mr. Darcy -Seems to have happy manners -Gets by with his good looks, countenance, and his pleasing address. -Seriously in debt -His debts and wedding gets paid off by Mr. Darcy -Married to Lydia -Enemy of Darcy -Has the charm to attract young women Fitzwilliam Darcy -His behavior at the ball makes being around him very unpleasant -Friend of Bingley -Appears to be dull and silent He comes off as conceited and selfish, but throughout the novel he improves Has affection towards Elizabeth Falls in love with her -Pays the debt of Wickham -Advises Bingley to leave Jane alone since she shows no interest -He is actually intended for Anne De Bourgh -Marries Elizabeth Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice Character Chart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Collins -Rector of Hunsford in Kent Cousin and heir to Mr. Bennet and his estate -He is very wealthy -Easily manipulated by Lady Catherine -Proposes to Elizabeth -Marries Charlotte -Comes off as a brownnose but he actually just wants to take care of his image Charlotte -Eldest daughter of the Lucas Best friend of Eliza -Married to Mr. Collins -Marries him for social class and wealth (convenience) -Not romantic -scarified her feelings for worldly advantages Lady Catherine -Mother of Anne De Bourgh -Aunt of Colonel Fitzwilliam -Aunt of Darcy -Benefactor of Collins -Makes her visitors feel inferior to her superior rank -Surprised when Eliza talks back at her -Threatens Eliza not to do anything with Darcy, but then she eats her own words Colonel Fitzwilliam -Cousin of Darcy -Cousin of Anne de Bourgh -Cousin and guardian of Georgina Darcy Mrs. Bennet -Daughter of an attorney Mother of the Bennet Sisters -Her goal in life is to get all her daughters married -She can be understanding, have a temper, and with little information Jane B. -Oldest and prettiest daughter of the Bennet family -Honest and faithful -Appears to show no emotion -Falls for Mr. Bingley -Marries Mr. Bingley -Companion of Caroline B. -Often shows a â€Å"want of cheerfulness Lydia B. -The youngest of the Bennet Family -Gets married to Mr. Wickham -Favorite daughter from her mother -Is very romantic and decided with her heart -Big flirt Mary B. -3rd sister of the Bennet family -Fond of Mr. Collins Enjoys entertaining people -Plain one in the family Mr. Bennet -Sarcastic, humorous , reserve, and caprice -Married to Mrs. Bennet -Light-hearted man -Laughs at Lydia and kitty’s behavior instead of restraining them -Prefers Elizabeth over the rest of his daughters -like his wife’s ignorance Caroline Bingley -Bingley’s sister -Attracted to Darcy -jealous of Elizabeth because of the interest Darcy takes in her -Companion of Jane B. -Tries to persuade Darcy away from Eliza -Likes to associate with people of higher rank -Is described by Eliza as being conceited, proud, but well educated

Brotherly Love Essays (1069 words) - Gambino Crime Family

Brotherly Love BROTHERLY LOVE The snow fell from the night sky like millions of little white stars that lost their hold on the firmament. Little Sammy always one to love the snow ignored it for the moment, showing uncharacteristic concern for his brother. What's the matter Todd? You've been acting strange all day. I know something's on your mind or you wouldn't have that look on your face. You always look that way when something's wrong. Oh, it's nothing important little brother, just problems with Sandra again last night. The date went fine and I actually liked the flick this time but later in the back seat I shot jungle juice everywhere before we could even get started. If this had been the first time I wouldn't be so angry but dammit, he accented his curse by punching his thigh, it's been four times now. Sammy's brow creased for a moment in thought and then his eyes lit up. Being a bit too quick of a thinker, Sammy often stated the obvious and did so now. Remember that scare you had when you were slamming saddles every night with Judith? She had to go out and buy a pregnancy test. Obviously you weren't having much trouble with her; I think it must have something to do with Sandra herself. Todd could almost see the light Sammy was basking in from the bulb above his head and offered the tyke a warm smile. Sammy was only twelve years old but sometimes he dissapointed Todd with his slow wits. He liked to encourage the boy though and did not mention that he had already come to this conclusion quite some time ago. Even Albert Einstein had trouble in his youth and he could see that Sammy had that kind of potential. In fact he was lucky his brother could think at all. Some kids were born retarded you know. That's probably right kid but I just don't know what it could be about her that makes me miss the boat and jizz every time. I mean I got my lovebone all poised to slip inside that perfect pie and I just blow it. . . literally. She's getting fed up and I bet her fingers have been working overtime lately seeing as I'm not holding up my end of the deal, Todd paused a moment and looked Sammy in the eye, Have you ever bumped uglies? I know your only twelve but I've seen how young they start on Montel and Ricky Lake. Sammy's face went a deep shade of red, Well, I did the three finger tango with Beth after the Halloween Dance last month but I've never navigated nookie, he looked away quickly and began to unconciously tap his toes. The boy was obviously embarrassed. Todd wondered whether his uncomfort stemmed from the fact that they were talking about Sammy wetting his carrot or the fact that he hadn't done it at all. This made him feel proud and nostalgic at the same time. Well, Todd began, first of all you know how it is then when you first smell that luscious *censored*. That wet sweet aroma. Douched every other day, lavished with creams and powders only fouled up once a month by unholy seepages. But God didn't make Eve equipped with a bottle of Stay-Fresh. No, it's good no matter what. . . What's Stay-Fresh? It's douche, brainiac. That stuff Mom keeps next to her *censored* diapers under the sink. Now, don't interrupt! I was saying that that smell is enough to send your John Thomas ripping right through the denim of your jeans; and that's just the beginning. Long ago I stopped working my digits in Sandra's sopping mine and tried to go spelunking with my pride and joy right away. I did away with the foreplay so to speak. I thought maybe I got so worked up in those sweaty safaris in her cradle I just shot my wad too soon. FUCK!, Todd punched his thigh harder this time, Nothing seems to work. Sammy put on his thinking cap again while Todd simmered after his outburst and thought for a minute. He was usually unconcerned with his brother's (or anyone else's for that matter) problems but when it came to

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat It’s a trucker’s worst nightmare- trucks that drive themselves! Getting nervous? Step on the brakes- although there may be a future where all trucks drive themselves and truckers aren’t needed, that future is not quite here yet. TruckersReport.com cuts through the noise and media hype, and sheds some light on the nation’s first self-driving truck, which has just hit the highway. Inspiration, the futuristic new truck imagined by Daimler Trucks North America, is a technological marvel, but it’s not quite ready to face the open road without a capable, qualified trucker in the cab. It has earned a Level 3 (Limited Self-Driving Automation) rating by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which means that a certified driver must be behind the wheel at all times, even on stretches where it’s legally allowed to assume control of all safety-critical functions. In the event of an emergency, a human driver must be ready to assume control. T herefore, he or she must be road-ready at all times the vehicle is in operation!18What does this mean? Inspiration can only take control during clear, daytime driving on highways. In fact, it has built-in sensors that prevent it from going into auto-pilot mode during sub-optimal conditions- a neat built-in safety feature!So, should you be afraid that the era of the truck driver is rapidly coming to an end? Not anytime soon! Drivers will play an essential role in the shipping and hauling industry for the foreseeable future. Even if truckers were needed less behind the wheel, there are a wealth of other tasks they will be needed to perform, from loading and unloading freight to key administrative tasks, maintenance work, and more. Bottom line: spend less time worrying and more time being the best truck driver you can be!The Nation’s First Self-Driving Truck: Everything You Need To KnowRead More at www.thetruckersreport.com

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE OF THE WRITINGS OF JOHN PIPER AND N.T Thesis Proposal - 1

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE OF THE WRITINGS OF JOHN PIPER AND N.T. WRIGHT ON THE DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH - Thesis Proposal Example The study of the doctrine of justification5 is considered the cornerstone of Christianity6 by many Christian scholars. It is, according to Luther, the article by which the church stands or falls,7 The challenge between Piper and Wright concerns the implication of their views on imputed or incorporated righteousness on justification8 to Christian faith, especially concerning Soteriology.9 On the one hand, Piper’s perspective is that imputed righteousness on justification does not consist merely of belief in Christ alone for salvation, but also submission of every area of one’s life to Christ’s Lordship.10 Thus, Piper unwittingly affirms both â€Å"faith alone† and â€Å"faith not alone† referring to justification, which according to Lybrand constitutes the intrinsic incongruence of these assertions in his (i.e., Piper’s) practical interpretations and teachings.11 This inconsistency could be explained in the way Piper distinguishes justification from sanctification,12 wherein he proposes that to man is given the right to stand with God on account of faith alone.13 Again, Piper maintains, this is something given. Nevertheless, Piper insists that man must live a life that he considers a deadly battle against sin.14 The manner by which he fights such a battle––according God’s will––constitutes s anctification.15 Also important on Piper’s position is the argument that sin has been fought, and won over with the death of Jesus.16 One might contend that if sin has been won over based on Christ’s sacrifice, Piper would not be able to justify his â€Å"faith not alone† portion of his argument. However, he maintains that the right to stand with God is only achieved by eliminating the sin––the one that was already won over on the cross––by way of dying â€Å"in Christ.†17 This is central to his righteousness imputation theory,18 and distinguishes his position from that of Wright’s who proposes, â€Å"incorporated righteousness† as a more

Building Services and Sustainable Engineering - PROJECT PROPOSAL Dissertation

Building Services and Sustainable Engineering - PROJECT PROPOSAL - Dissertation Example ........................................................... Topic Registration Approved by CL YES/NO Supervisor approved/allocated YES/NO ............................................................ Student notified: Date: Contents Contents 2 1.INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 DESCRIPTION 5 1.2 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE 5 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5 1.4 AIMS OF THE PROJECT: 5 1.5 JUSTIFICATION 6 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 6 3. METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN 9 3.1 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 9 3.2 SAMPLE AND DATA COLLECTION 10 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS 11 4.WORK PLAN 11 5.REFERENCES 12 Ajzen, I., (2011), The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections. Psychol Health 26: 1113-1127 12 1. INTRODUCTION Energy saving is a trend and no citizen is against it. Since people save energy and use energy in the right way, the next generation will benefit. Consequently, teenagers are encouraged to actively participate in minimizing energy wastage by being educated on the importance of energy saving. The government of Hong K ong has been actively championing the important role to put effort towards energy efficiency in Hong Kong. Hence, the government of Hong Kong which will be referred to as â€Å"the government†, has been prompted to introduce a voluntary Energy Efficiency Labeling Scheme (EELS), which from now henceforth will be referred to as â€Å"the scheme†, which covers quite a number of appliances and equipments. The government, through the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD), gives the scheme for equipment and appliances used at home as well as in the office. In order to promote environmentally responsible products, the people of Hong Kong, importers as well as manufactures are encouraged to join the scheme. There are labels that are issued with the main aim of providing information on energy consumption as well as efficiency to help making better a decision when people are considering purchasing such appliances and equipment. One of such labels is the Coefficien t of Performance (COP). The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is a measurement of efficiency, which measures the amount of power input to a system compared to the amount of power output by the same system. The COP has no dimension because the input and the output are both measured in Watt. The theoretical value of Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the energy-saving household appliances should be well labeled for the customer. Additionally, the government has also introduced a mandatory Energy Efficiency Labeling Scheme (EELS) to extend the public’s choice as far as energy efficient appliances are concerned. Therefore, public awareness on energy saving will be raise. 1.1 DESCRIPTION The Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) is promoting the Energy Efficiency Labeling Scheme (EELS) to among the people of Hong Kong. Various household appliances as well as office equipment will incorporate a given energy label which will be informing the consumer of the products e nergy consumption and efficiency. Since the consumers are made aware of this scheme, they should be able to purchase such household appliances or office equipment. 1.2 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE The push by Hong Kong’

Fidel Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro: The Cuban Missile Crisis The purpose of this investigation is to answer the question to what extent was Fidel Castros role in Cuba more significant than Khrushchevs role in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The main body of evidence will investigate how Fidel Castro and Nikita S. Khrushchev were involved with the Cuban Missile Crisis. Evidence will include scholarly journals, articles, books, and documentaries. Documents will be analyzed in regards to their origins, purpose, value, and limitations in order to properly evaluate evidence. The book, Khrushchev Remembers written by Nikita Khrushchev and Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Warsaw Pact Nuclear Operations written by Mark Kramer have been evaluated and will be used for the evidence to formulate an analysis. An analysis of these documents, as well as the summary of evidence will be used to determine Fidel Castros significance in the Cuban Missile Crisis. B. Summary of Evidence In early 1962, an American invasion was planned to overthrow Castros dictatorship in Cuba. It was beneath these conditions when Cubans learned that the Soviet Union was very much concerned about a direct assault of Cuba by the United States and that they tried to figure out how to increase their countrys capability to defend against an assault (Zubok 9). Soviet Leader Khrushchev imagined a plan of protecting Cuban independence by installing missiles with nuclear weapons in Cuba without the United States noticing or able to discover until it was too late to do anything about it. Castro accepted Khrushchevs proposal. After hearing that Castro approved the Soviet Leaders proposal the Soviet Union began installing nuclear weapons (Allyn 3). Before the Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and Cuba, Castro and American relationships were tense because of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 (Khrushchev 29). The President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, called for a naval line of defense from Cuba and used diplomatic negotiations with the Soviet Leader Khrushchev to come to a settlement in the removal of the weapons. Numerous events took place during the negotiations that influenced the increased tensions and appeared to bring the world even closer to a nuclear catastrophe (Brenner 6). One of the numerous incidents was that the United States believed that Castro was the one who ordered Cuban artillery to fire at the U.S. planes on the morning of 27 October, 1962 (Hershberg 7). Even though Castro may have ordered Cuban artillery to fire, there was no evidence that he prepared Soviet artillery to fire (Fursenko 42). In addition, an incident that took place and influenced the increased tension between the countries was Castros letter to Soviet Leader Khrushchev which suggested that the Soviet Union should launch a first-strike nuclear attack on the United States (Kramer 126). Castro was pushed into an alliance with communist Soviet Union which left Castro suspicious of American designs in Cuba (Burr 7). The Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end on 28 October 1962 when both the President of the United States and the Soviet Leader came to a settlement which was the Soviet Union removing their weapons from Cuba while being watched by the United States and the United States removing their naval line of defense and promising that they would not overrun Cuba. Soviet Leader Khrushchevs announced a new order on the radio which was to take apart the weapons that they created (Welch 234). Castro would not contribute in the negotiations which left the situation to be resolved between the United States and the Soviet Union. Soviet Leader Khrushchevs announcement on the radio to take apart the weapons not stunned and humiliated Castro for not taking part in the negotiations (Garthoff 51). Although Soviet Leader Khrushchev was in charge during the time period of the Cuban Miss ile Crisis of 1962, Castro was still very much involved with the deployment of nuclear weapons and the shooting of the renaissance plane. Castros role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was pretty significant in the Cuban Missile Crisis; however, because he did not participate in the negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was not as important as mine (Khrushchev 101-102). C. Evaluation of Sources Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Warsaw Pact Nuclear Operations by Mark Kramer, a researcher from the Davis Center for Russian Studies, also known as The Russian Research Center at Harvard University, presents a detailed and comprehensive account of the origins of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The book goes into detail about how Fidel Castro visualizes Cubas troubles and what he hopes to do about it derived from this account of a unique conference held in Havana in 1992. The purpose of this source is to convey what Cuba was going through during the Cuban Missile Crisis and what Cuba has learned from this situation that took place. The value of this source is that this helps answer the question to what extent was the significance of Fidel Castros role in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 because this sources helps aid the comprehension on Castros influence on Cuba. This source is also valuable because it is written by a researcher that has studied the Cuban Missile Crisis for severa l years and a multitude of information on the topic. A limitation of this source is that it does not address why Castro allowed the Soviet to install missiles. Another limitation is because this source is written in the Soviet Leaders perspective, the role of Fidel Castro in the Cuban Missile Crisis not emphasized. Khrushchev Remembers written by Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Leader during the time period of the Cuban Missile Crisis provides an elaborate and inclusive description of the origins of Soviet Leader Khrushchevs experiences during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It goes into elaborate detail about his memories on the Cuban Missile Crisis and his recollections strengthen the impression of gratitude for small things won or not lost. The purpose of this source is to depict what the Soviet Leader of Cuba remembered during the Cuban Missile Crisis period. The value of this source is that this helps answer the question to what extent was Fidel Castros role in Cuba significant in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 because of the source going into detail about Castro presence during the Cuban Missile Crisis. This source is also valuable because this is told in the point of view of the man who was in charge of the Soviet Union during the crisis. A limitation of this source is that it does not help ad dress why Castro made the trade agreement with Russia. Another limitation is that due to the recently discovered facts about the Cuban Missile Crisis, all facts pertaining to the Cuban Missile Crisis may not be given. D. Analysis Fidel Castros importance in the Cuban Missile Crisis was to damage the reputation of Americans and its inference with internal issues because Cuba was concerned about the failed Bay of Pigs humiliation that they faced (Zubok 9). There was a planned invasion that to overthrow Castros dictatorship in Cuba and the United States was willing to help (Allyn 3). In addition, Soviet Leader Khrushchev installed missiles with nuclear warhead without the consent of the United States. Castro allowed the Soviets to install missiles so close to the United States which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war because the United States found out and retaliated (Khrushchev 29). Castro was able to install such weapons because Castro made a trade agreement with Russia where Cuba sent sugar to Russia in return for oil, machines and money (Brenner 6). Castros role was significant because he allowed Soviet Leader Khrushchev to follow through with the plans he created and because he made a trade agreement with Russia to be able to produce weapons of mass destruction. However, sources have stated that Cuba sent missiles out because of the strategic inequality between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba wanted to balance power; therefore, they felt they needed to build nuclear weapons (Hershberg 7). Castro ordered the anti-aircraft officers to gun down the United States reconnaissance plane (Fursenko 42). This demonstrates Castros significance in the Cuban Missile Crisis because he ordered that the plane was shot down and it was which conveys his significance because it was Castros decision that got the plane shot down (Kramer 126). In addition, Castro recommended that the Soviets launched a nuclear attack on the United States. This was Castros greatest significance in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Castros willingness to use violent behavior persuaded Soviet Leader Khrushchev the importance of preserving world peace (Burr 7). The United States stopped trading with Cuba due to the renaissance being shot down and Cuba nationalized all American-owned companies. Moreover, Castros lack of participation in negotiations was another big impact. Because Castro did not participate in the negotiation he was unaware of what was being compromised (Welch 234). For instance, when Soviet Leader Khrushchev removed all the weapons from Cuba, Castro was unaware of the Soviet Leader making that decision (Garthoff 51). Because the Cuban Missile Crisis was between the United States and the Soviet Union, it should have been classified as the Cuban American relation. Soviet Leader Khrushchev states that Castro was solely responsible for the shooting of the renaissance plane (Khrushchev 101). Also, he stated that Castro encouraged the Soviet Union to launch a preemptive strike against the United States. This demonstrates that Castro was a massive impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis because Soviet Leader Khrushchev confessed and states that Castro was fully responsible for the shooting of the plane and launching the strike against the United States. This also depi cts that Castro ignited the Cuban Missile Crisis because when the plane was shot down the United States wanted to retaliate immediately and now knowing that Castro was responsible for the plane being shot down we know that he ignited the flame under the United States. E. Conclusion It is possible to say that Fidel Castro had a huge impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Because Castro was responsible for the shooting of the renaissance plane, his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis was greatly significant. This is because when Castro shot down the plane, the United States wanted to strike back immediately; therefore, the tensions between the two countries rose after Castros decision. Also Castro encouraged the Soviet Union to launch a preemptive strike against the United States. This was another huge impact because Cuba alarmed the United States and made the United States become fully equipped for a nuclear war. Furthermore, because Castro allowed the Soviets to install missiles so close to the United States people say that he is responsible for the Cuban Missile Crisis. Because of Fidel Castros actions and decisions, the world was brought to the brink of the nuclear war which demonstrates that Castro did have a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. However, Castro cannot receive full credit for the Cuban Missile Crisis because the major role belonged to Soviet Leader Khrushchev, who caused the entire occurrence of the crisis and resolved the crisis. Nevertheless, one can say that Castro had a huge impact on the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Although there are many conclusions that could be made about if Fidel Castro had a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis, I believe that Fidel Castro had just as much of a significant role as Soviet Leader Khrushchev did because Castro helped make the decisions that were made; therefore, Castros role was significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. F. List of Sources Alexander Fursenko, Tactical Nuclear Weapons, Soviet Command Authority, and the Cuban Missile Crisis Cold War International History Project Electronic Bulletin 3 Bruce J. Allyn, Using KGB Documents: the Scali-Feklisov Channel in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Print., 1995 David A. Welch, The Sino-Indian Conflict, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Sino-Soviet Split, October 1962: New Evidence from the Russian Archives Print., 1996 James G. Blight, Kramer vs. Kramer: Or, How Can You Have Revisionism in the Absence of Orthodoxy? Cold War International History Project Electronic Bulletin 3 Print., 1993 James G. Hershberg, More on Bobby and the Cuban Missile Crisis Print., 1997 Khrushchev, Nikita S. Khrushchev Remembers Ed. and trans. Strobe Talbott. Boston: Little Brow, 1970 Kramer, Mark The Lessons of the Cuban Missile Crisis for Warsaw Pact Nuclear Operations Print., 1997. Philip Brenner, The Crisis and Cuban-Soviet Relations: Fidel Castros Secret 1968 Speech Print., 1995 Raymond L. Garthoff, New Evidence on the Cuban Missile Crisis: Khrushchev, Nuclear Weapons and the Cuban Missile Crisis Print., 1998. Vladislav M. Zubok, Dismayed by the Actions of the Soviet Union: Mikoyans talks with Fidel Castro and the Cuban leadership, November 1962, Print., 1995 William Burr, Soviet Cold War Military Strategy: Using Declassified History Print., 1957. Case Study: Adult with Learning Disability Case Study: Adult with Learning Disability The case I have chosen involves a service user that has been with the agency for a while now. He was neglected and cut off from his family during his childhood and has since been longing for a secure attachment or contact with a family. His condition brings about a lot of anxiety and this has made him very unsettled. I am placed with the Luton Borough Council Community Adult learning disability team. The team is a statutory agency; its primary function is to provide support to adult with learning disabilities and their carers. Service users and their carers are pre-assessed or screened under the Fair Access to Care eligibility criteria. This process ensures that services are tailored to meet the needs of the individual. It ensures that potential service users with critical and substantial risk, needs and support are not lost in the system. While adults with moderate or low risk needs are given advice and provided with useful information that will help them to meet their needs. The legislation relevant to this case includes the National Assistance Act 1948; National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007), the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Data Protection Act 1998. Relevant policies include the Fair Access to Care; which requires local councils to grade eligibility criteria into four bands of need (critical, substantial, moderate and low) based on the seriousness of the risk to independence if problems and issues are not addressed. Applicants for services are assessed using the new Single Assessment Process first outlined in the National Service Framework (NSF) which incorporates the eligibility assessment, care plan approach, annual assessment, placements, advocacy and referrals. (Royal College of Psychiatry Website, 2010, para. 4.10) A Pen Picture of the Service User. To protect the privacy of the service user and other individuals involved I have anonymised their personal details. This is in line with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Data Protection Policy of the agency. Section 6.2 of the Act, states that local authorities have a general duty in common law to safeguard the confidentiality of personal information which they hold in connection with their social services functions DoH (2000) p.34. This legal responsibility is managed through the Data protection policy of the agency and monitored by team managers. Specifically I have changed the service users name to Mr X and all other actors are also not named. Mr X is a 31-year- old; male with mild learning disability and a borderline personality disorder. He was born in Luton but brought up in Hastings. By virtue of his birth and the fact that he was first accessed for social care services in Luton; Mr X is deemed to be ordinarily resident in the Luton area under the National Assistant Act 1948. Section 24.1 of the Act empowers and mandates local authorities to provide residential accommodation for vulnerable people (made vulnerable by disability or age) who are ordinarily resident in their area. [OPSI (2008) p. 2] His parents divorced when he was five years old, he has had very little contact with them since then. He is the eldest of three siblings. He has had no contact with his only sister following allegations made by her against him of sexual abuse. Contact with his brother who currently lives in Hastings is limited to the occasional cards and phone calls. Mr Xs childhood was characterised by upheaval and deprivation. As a result he has found it difficult to form attachment of his own due to constant changes in his living arrangements. In 1999, while living in Hastings, he expressed a wish to move back to Luton. He secured a tenancy with a local housing association and was given intensive support by the local independent living team. This arrangement soon broke down because Mr X craved constant attention. He indulged in self-Injurious behaviour such as self-harm and a tendency to set fire to property. The tendency to self-harm is not uncommon in people with learning disabilities. Research recently carried out in a specific area of Wales by Lowe (2007 cited in Heslop Macaulay, 2009, p. 13 14) found that 9% adults and children over the age of five using learning disability services were considered to self-injure. Furthermore Heslop and Macaulay (2009, citing Haw and Hawton, 2008; Hawton and Harriss, 2007; Milnes, 2002) p.15 reports that people with multiple life problems are more likely to self-harm. Key amongst these is relationship problems with a partner or family member. Other problems reported include: problems with employment (including unemployment) or studies, and financial problems. This may explain Mr Xs tendency to self-harm. In 1999, after a series of threats to end his life Mr X was detained in a local hospital under section 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983. This was to allow Mr X to receive intensive treatment in a protected environment. Without immediate treatment Mr X would have been a danger to himself by reason of self-harm and to others by his fire setting tendencies. According to Rethink (2010) p. 1 4; The Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007) is the law under which a person can be admitted, detained and treated in hospital against their wishes. It goes on to state that Section 3 allows a person to be admitted to hospital for treatment which must be necessary for their health, their safety or for the protection of other people and it cannot be provided unless they are detained in hospital. Mr X was treated successfully and was reintroduced into the community in 2002. Since then he has lived in several residential and supported living settings (from Wales to Birmingham). Coping with life in the community has led to self-neglect, the accruing of debt and at times anxiety. As a result Mr X still requires intensive support. In Jan 07 he left his residential placement in Telford to look for his mother whom he hadnt seen since he was ten, with the intention of developing a relationship with her. While waiting to secure a placement, he lived with his mother and her partner. The relationship with his mother soon broke down due to his violent and threatening behaviour. On one occasion he threatened to set the house on fire and his mother had to call the police. As a result he was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act to reassess his mental health. His condition was such that if untreated he represents a risk to himself and other around him. According Rethink (2010) p. 2; Section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007) allows a person to be admitted to hospital for an assessment of his or her mental health and to receive any necessary treatment. An admission to hospital under Section 2 is usually used when the patient has not been assessed in hospital before or when they have not been assessed in hospital for a considerable period of time. Detention under this section is for a maximum of 28 days. It cannot be renewed but can be followed by a Section 3 order. In Mr Xs case, detention under Section 2 was appropriate because he was last assessed in 2002. After his assessment and treatment Mr X was released back into the community. He requested for a flat of his own close to his relations. With his approval a supported living placement that met his needs was identified and secured for him at a local address in March 2007. Contact was made with the local learning disability service on Mr Xs behalf so he could have local support, should he become anxious. The psychology team and the learning disability nurse attempted to work with him on a regular basis, however Mr X explained that he would like to move from the area and therefore their services were not necessary. As a result the services were discontinued to respect his wishes as not doing so may be viewed as being oppressive in practice and a breach of his human right. The respect principle of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended by the Mental Health Act 2007), states that the diverse needs of the service user must be recognised and respected; their views, wishes and feelings, so far as they are reasonably ascertainable must be considered and followed wherever practicable and consistent with the purpose of the decision. There must be no unlawful discrimination. (Law Summaries, Sherwood Directory 2010, p.20) The Webster Online dictionary defines discrimination as unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice. As social workers we are expected to be anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive in practices. These principles are captured in National Occupation Standard and the GSCC codes of practice. In particular Code 4; emphasises the need to respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or the people around them. GSCC, 2010, p. 9. While value D; emphasises the need to value, recognise and respect the diversity, expertise and experience of the individuals, families, carers, groups and communities. NOS (2010) p. 8. Mr X then moved to Birmingham and lived there for just over 14 months, his skills have developed over this time particularly in handling domestic activities such as cooking, cleaning and some aspect of budgeting for healthy meal, however he is unable to know if he gets the correct change in a sale. Thereafter Mr X moved to Northampton to be close to his family. At this point a review was carried out and a care plan implemented. Mr X expressed the desire to learn to drive, do some voluntary work in the community and have a relationship. He undertook to stay in this accommodation for at least 3 years to engage in extended personal development. But he only lived at the above residential home for a year. He found it difficult to settle and found the change of staff difficult to deal with. During his regular review Mr X agreed with the support of his advocate to be part of getting life programme, where he would be assessed on what he would like to do in future; as he had a desire to return to the Luton area he refused the offer. He recently abandoned his placement in Northampton and moved in with his maternal uncle. He has been in touch with the Luton council to request a placement in the Luton area. This move is Mr Xs interest at the moment. From his records, his current support needs centres mainly around his personality disorder. He finds it difficult to get along with other residents and often complained of being scared of the people around him. This makes him anxious and restless, creating a desire to move again. Whenever he feels events are not consistent with his expectations i.e. his desire to move, he becomes agitated. This leads to numerous phone calls to social services, the police and anybody he can get on the end of a phone line. Recently he threatened to take his own life by jumping off a bridge or taking an overdose. This desire to constantly relocate has made it difficult for him to engage in extended personal development activities necessary for him to develop the interpersonal skills he requires. In addition he has not been able to establish long-term social links of his own. The Placement I was placed with the Luton Borough Council Community adult learning disability team. The team is an integrated team made up of various professionals including social workers, community care workers and community nurses. It provides a One stop shop / Single Access point for the teams target group, which are adults aged 18yrs 65yrs with learning disabilities and their carers, who live within the Luton Borough Council area. The role of the team within the social welfare spectrum is to provide comprehensive assessment of the needs of people with learning disabilities and their carers, which forms a basis for developing a package of support (care plan) to meet the assessed needs. The team also monitors the care plan through regular reviews to ensure that the plan has been properly implemented and that it is still appropriate. Changes are made to the care plan where appropriate. Other services available through the team include: Advice and referrals to other services, such as day-time activities, supported employment or residential care, specialist health services The provision of specialist nursing services Assessment of carers needs and sign posting to relevant support services. Support for young adult transiting from children service to adult services Support for service users to access community based services. Coordinating the safeguarding of venerable adults process etc. (Luton Borough Council website.) Referral is a very important part of what the team does. Many service users come to the attention of the team by way of referral from other professionals such as GPs, teachers etc. Also the team refer service users to other support agencies. For instance; service users who require employment (paid or voluntary) are referred to D4; a career support team within the Luton Borough Council. They assist service users to write their CVs, carry out job search, prepare for interviews and provide on-going supporting for service users in employment. The team promotes anti-discriminatory practice and is committed to continuous improvement in the delivery of its services. The Legal Mandate of the placement Agency The legal mandate of the Luton Borough Council Community adult learning disability team derives from the National Assistance Act 1948 and the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990. The National Assistance Act 1948 gives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦local Authorities the powers and duties to promote the welfare of people ordinarily resident in their area that are blind, deaf or dumb, mentally disordered or substantially and permanently handicapped by illness, injury or congenital deformity (sec 29) (Sherwood Diaries and Directory (2010) p. 11). The NHS and Community Care Act 1990, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ signified an important development in the philosophy of community care and in the delivery of service called for in other legislations (Sherwood Diaries and Directory (2010) p. 16) Unlike previous legislation the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 lays emphasis on an assessment led care management approach (CPA) that is shaped to fit individual needs; in contrast to previous practice of categorisations of service users to fit pre-defined service packages. To succeed this approach requires a partnership between professionals (social workers etc.) and carers in assessing the needs and designing individualised / person centred care programs. The Act also requires service providers to take into consideration the wishes of the service user in determining the type and level of any service required. This can lead to several conflicts some are discussed later in this paper. According to Powell (2001 para. 15); the Act gives legal backing to the concept that the primary function of the public services should be to design and arrange the provision of care and support in line with peoples needs. That care and support can be procured from a variety of sources. There is value in the multiplicity of provision, not least from the consumers point of view, because of the widening choice, flexibility, innovation and competition it should stimulate. In this arrangement, it is vital that social service authorities see themselves as arrangers and purchasers of care services not as monopolistic providers (Griffiths Report 1988: para. 3.4). The current delivery arrangements adopted by the Luton Borough Council have a more recent history. Its origins can be traced to the Health Act of 1999 which sought to remove the Berlin Walls hampering collaboration and cooperation between various agencies by introducing a number of flexibilities into health and social care delivery. One such flexibility is the One Stop shop or integrated provisioning concept, through which health and local authorities provide a combined service through a multidisciplinary team. Initial assessment of potential service users is carried out against a set of eligibility criteria known as the Fair Access to Care Services (FAC). There are four eligibility bands under FAC. Namely critical, substantial, moderate and Low. Each band represents a level of need. Priority levels are assigned based on the likely consequences if the needs of the service user are not met. The amount of help available from family and friends are also taken into consideration. After the initial assessment, a care plan is prepared for people who meet Luton Borough eligibility criteria. The care plan documents what the service users needs are and the way in which these needs will be met. The care plan is agreed with the service user, their family and all those involved in providing care to the service user such as, nursing home, residential home etc. The Legal Status of the Subject Mr X is an adult with mild learning disability and personality disorder. Having gone through our eligibility criteria / screening; a care plan was developed for him. His care plan is reviewed regularly and his input is sought to ensure that the plan is relevant and continues to meet his needs and aspirations. Sometime in 2007, he was detained under section (2) of the Mental Health Act, due to his violent and threatening behaviour to his mother and those around him. He threatened to set her house on fire and to kill himself. The aim of the detention was to carry out an assessment and provide the necessary treatment. He has since been discharged back into community care. As his behaviour in recent times have not been violent or of any serious concern; there is currently no plan to detain him unless there is a serious deterioration in his condition. Critique of the Social Policy Initiatives Relevant To My Placement Agency and the Subject As mentioned above the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 marked a watershed in the development of social care policy in the UK. It was the first attempt to bring in the concept of marketisation into the provision of social care services. (Brambleby 2009, para. 15) According to Powell (2001) para. 18, Community care was to be used as a vehicle for the marketisation of the public sector. Thus, a contract culture was applied to the provision of personal social services and social services departments would need to develop processes to specify, commission and monitor services delivered by other agencies. (DoH 1989: p. 23). The prevalent wisdom at the time was that marketisation will encourage improvement in the quality and scope of services provided, promote innovation, lead to reduction in cost and provide greater choice for the service user. The policy which is based on the triumvirate of autonomy, empowerment and choice was endorsed by many commentators as the political and philosophical panacea for alleviating the deep and destructive problems confronting the community care system in the UK (Levick 1992, cited in Powell 2001, para. 1) Many commentators have raised issue with the NHS and Community Care Act. For one many of the advantages advanced for the marketisation of the Community Care services were not achieved immediately as the process of these organisational changes were immensely complex (Powell 2001 para. 20). Another flaw in the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 was that the specific grant diverted to local authorities in order to implement the outcomes of individual assessment and encourage the generation of services in the private and voluntary sectors was only ring-fenced in the short term. (Powell 2001, para. 18) This has had specific and wide reaching effect on people with mild learning disability as local authorities are required by law to address available resources to those with greatest need. In situation where there is high competition for resources those with mild learning disabilities are often neglected. Eligibility criteria are another area where the law is a bit unclear. According to Spencer-Lane (2010 para. 7); Once a local authority has completed an assessment, it must decide whether or not to provide services. Under the current law, eligibility for services is determined by reference to statutory guidance (Fair Access to Care Services (DH 2002) and Health and Social Care for Adults (WAG 2002) and often-overlapping statute law, such as the National Assistance Act 1948 and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. In our view this structure is complex and at times impenetrable. According to the Law Commission Report (2008 p. 28) this has led to two main criticisms of this framework: it produces wide local variations in eligibility for services: for example in 2006-07, a report by the Commission for Social Care Inspection found that 62% of councils in England operated at the highest two levels of substantial and critical; 32% included moderate needs; and 6% included all four bands; This has led to local authorities increasingly restricting services to those with the highest levels of need. According to the same report: 4% of councils confined their help to the critical band only; councils raising their eligibility thresholds to substantial increased from 53% to 62% in 2006-07; and the trend is expected to continue as 73% of councils anticipate that they will be operating at substantial or critical levels in 2007-08. The National Assistance Act mandates local authorities to provide accommodation for people with learning disabilities who are ordinarily resident in their area. This is good in the sense that it protects vulnerable people from becoming homeless. This is particularly true in the case of Mr X. However, Mr X may be viewed as taking advantage of the system by refusing to settle and engage in the community. He is aware that the agency is mandated to meet his housing needs and therefore uses that as a weapon whenever he wants extra attention. This type of behaviour has significant implication for services delivery. According to Dobson (1999) p. 2, many patients can not get the treatment and care they need partly because the system has found it so difficult to cope with the small minority of mentally ill people who are a nuisance or a danger to both themselves and others. One way to check this problem is to ask the more able service users to sign a charter which gives them certain responsibilities, such as the attending day centre and other developmental activities in return for certain privileges. Failure to abide with the charter should result in the withdrawal of these privileges. The additional cost associated with providing these privileges will be paid for by the time and resources freed up to deal with other cases. Human Rights and Data Protection The Human Rights Act (1998) effectively gives legal bite to the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. The major rights relevant to the agency and the subject are The right to life; every life is equally important. A disability does not make a service users life less important than anyone elses. The right to respect for private and family life; guarantees each individual the right to live as part of a family. For instance this gives gay and lesbian couples the same rights as other couples. The right to dignity and being part of the community; guarantees each individual the care and support they need to have a good life. This means that people with disabilities should be able to join community activities along with everyone else. (Sherwood Directory, 2010, p. 23) The Act is there to ensure that statutory bodies such as local authorities, schools, the police, the courts and hospitals can and actually protect the rights of people with disabilities. The right to dignity is relevant to decisions about placements, accommodation and other services; it requires service providers to as far as is possible take into considerations the wishes of the service user. This concept of choice is central to Valuing People a government white paper published in 2001 and updated in 2009. The proposals in the White Paper are based on four key principles: civil rights, independence, choice and inclusion. Valuing People takes a life-long approach, beginning with an integrated approach to services for disabled children and their families and then providing new opportunities for a full and purposeful adult life. It has cross-Government backing and its proposals are intended to result in improvements in education, social services, health, employment, housing and support for people with learning disabilities and their families and carers. MKADHD (Undated) para. 15. As a result Luton Council is duty bound to continue to consider Mr X wishes to move even though it is costing the council a lot in terms of money and time. Another important consideration is that under the Human Rights Act 1998 victims are allowed to bring action against a local authority if it has acted in a way which is incompatible with the terms of the articles of the European Convention on human rights (Brammer 2007, pg. 110). Applying this to the case; Mr X left the residential placement provided by the council deliberately making himself homeless. He refused to wait for the team to secure another suitable placement before leaving his current placement. He currently resides with his uncle (somewhere in Luton) but claims to be homeless. Mr X has threatened to harm himself and is now threatening to sue the local authority for not providing him with another accommodation. As far as the Agency is concerned Mr X made himself homeless deliberately because he is deemed to have capacity; having been assessed under the criteria set out in the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The assessment was carried out to ensure that Mr X had capacity at the time. Under the Act, a person lacks capacity in relation to a matter if at the material time he is unable to make a decision for himself in relation to the matter because of an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, the mind or brain. It does not matter whether the impairment or disturbance is permanent or temporary (Beresford and Sloper, 2008, p.40) The Data Protection Act 1998 provides individuals with new right of access to their personal data and imposes new obligations on data controllers; such as local authority social services department to operate good data storage practices and this applies to both electronic and manual records. (Brammer, 2007, p. 114). However, the Act gives the agency the right to retain information about the service user to be able to carry out its statutory duties and obtains the consent of service users or their carer to do so. The agency is required to appoint a data controller whose duty is to ensure that personal data is only used for authorised purposes and data not required is destroyed in the prescribed manner. Applying this to the case I have not used Mr Xs original name. Information personal to Mr X have been made anonymous. Electric and manual information obtained in the course of putting this work together were duly authorised by the appropriate authority and manual documents have been destroyed in the prescribed manner. The case has been put together in such a way that it does not create any link to the actual service user. The service user raised a few SOVA (Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adult) issues. The Care Direct Factsheet (2007, p. 1) defines abuse as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a violation of a persons human and civil rights by any other person (s). It may: be a single or repeated act(s); be physical, verbal, psychological, sexual, institutional, discriminatory or financial; or may be an act of neglect or failure to act. The fact sheet defines a Vulnerable Adult as someone aged 18 or over who is, or may be: In need of community care services because of mental or other disability, age or illness and Unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation. When an abuse is reported local agencies are required to treat each case with the utmost urgency to ensure the alleged victim does not suffer any more abuse. The agency has a multi-agency protocol that is followed in each case; to ensure urgent and appropriate action is taken. The police are almost always involved to ensure a record of the abuse is maintained for future reference. Advocacy, community support team etc. may also be involved. Each case must be dealt within 24 hours of the receipt of the report. Thereafter a strategy meeting of the relevant agencies is called to review the situation and agree a coordinated approach to deal with any outstanding risks. In the case of Mr X, the Police were invited to investigate his allegations. No further action was taken as none of the allegations could be verified. Advocacy was involved to ensure that his worries and concerns were well communicated to the Police and his service providers. He was also advised on the steps he can take should he feel unsatisfied or unhappy with the outcome. A critical analysis based in a policy critique of services provided by the Agency. The agency policy on assessment and residential placement is very well structured; they define the agency duties, responsibilities, roles and boundaries. Initial assessment allows the agency to gain a clear picture of the service users condition and situation. The assessment includes detailed personal information regarding the service users relationships, any significant events and current situation. This provides the baseline for the assessment against the fair access to care services eligibility matrix. One critic of the process is that it is open to abuse. The more able service users can master the process and thereafter exploit the lope holes in the process. In some ways one can argue that, Mr X has reached this critical point. He is very much aware that whenever he raises a red flag someone gets into trouble; as such this has become one of his favourite games. He makes up stories and keeps changing his stories as long as they lead towards his desired goals. I believe that having a detailed long-term plan is critical to maintaining the support required by the service user. One short coming of this process is that not much seems to have been done in addressing the underlying issues i.e. his desire to move regularly. Perhaps Mr Xs care plan could be designed in such a way that he is allowed to change placement every 18 or 24 months. Putting this plan in place will allow the agency to plan ahead and ensure continuity of his development plan. One approach maybe to make sure that each successive placement has the facility to continue his development from where he left off at the previous placement. This approach is in line with the Valuing People Now white paper (DoH 2009, p. 6) which requires agencies to treat each services user as an individual, with the same opportunities and responsibilities. Each care plan should be individualised and does not necessarily have to fit with the norm. On the other hand the current approach is costing the agency so much in terms of time and money as every care plan review involves going out to visit his current placement and visiting new ones to pick a new placement that meets his needs. This often means that resources have to be withdrawn from other tasks to handle his situation as it is often presented as an emergency. In addition each time he leaves a placement a new budget has to be put in place; this could create confusion especially with budgeting. One of the setbacks in this policy is that while some people who need help are not reached or given enough attention others who know the system abuse it